| Original Article
| | | | | | | Effects of a Telephone-based Support Group Program for Family Caregivers Providing Long-term Care for Elders | | Eun-Young Kim,1and Jeong Ok Kwon*2 | 1Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.
| 2Graduate School, Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.
| *Corresponding author: Kwon, Jeong Ok. Graduate School, Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, 3 Dongdaeshin-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 602-714, Korea. Tel: +82-51-240-2785, Fax: +82-51-240-2920, Email: rnjs224@naver.com | | Received November 12, 2013; Revised February 11, 2014; Accepted March 17, 2014.
| This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
| | Abstract |
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop a telephone-based support group program for family caregivers providing long-term care for elders and to identify the program's effects on depression, caregiving burden and satisfaction. MethodsA non-equivalent control pre-post design was used. Participants were recruited from support groups in 3 long-term care agencies and were assigned to the experimental group (n=16) or control group (n=19) receiving usual care. For the experimental group, the telephone-based support group intervention, consisting of the self-help group activity in small group, given for 8 weeks. Outcomes included changes in depression, caregiving burden and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test with SPSS/WIN 21.0. ResultsAfter 8 weeks intervention, the experimental group had significantly increased caregiving satisfaction (Z=-2.39, p=.017) compared to the control group. Within the experimental group, scores for depression were significantly decreased (Z= -2.26, p=.024) but not the caregiving burden (Z=-0.99, p=.320). ConclusionThe results indicate that a telephone-based support group program is effective in increasing caregiving satisfaction, and decreasing depression. Therefore, it can be utilized in the field of nursing for family caregivers providing long-term care for elders. |
| | Keywords: Caregivers, Self-help groups, Telephone. |
| | 
| Table 1
Telephone-based Support Group Program |
|
| | 
| Table 2
Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics between Experimental and Control Groups |
|
| | 
| Table 3
Homogeneity Test for Variables between Experimental and Control Groups |
|
| | 
| Table 4
Mean Differences in Dependent Variables between the Two Groups |
|
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0004431). | | | 1. | Andren S, Elmstahl S. Family caregivers' subjective experiences of satisfaction in dementia care: Aspects of burden, subjective health, and sense of coherence. Scand J Caring Sci 2005;19(2):157–168.
  | | | 2. | Bank AL, Arguelles S, Rubert M, Eisdorfer C, Czaja SJ. The value of telephone support groups among ethnically diverse caregivers of persons with dementia. Gerontologist 2006;46(1):134–138.
| | | 3. | Brodaty H, Donkin M. Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2009;11(2):217–228.
| | | 4. | Bulechek GM, McCloskey JC. Nursing interventions: Essentials nursing treatments. Philadelphia. W. B: Saunders Co; 1992.
| | | 5. | Cheon SH. The relationship among perceived entrapment, depression and subjective well-being of women as family caregivers caring for dementia elderly. Korean J Women Health Nurs 2011;17(3):285–293.
| | | 6. | Connell CM, Janevic MR. Effects of a telephonebased exercise intervention for dementia caregiving wives: A randomized controlled trial. J Appl Gerontol 2009;28(2):171–194.
| | | 7. | Davis JD, Tremont G, Bishop DS, Fortinsky RH. A telephone-delivered psychosocial intervention improves dementia caregiver adjustment following nursing home placement. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011;26(4):380–387.
| | | 8. | Dressen Kinney CK. Support group, nursing interventions: Treatments for nursing diagnosis. Philadelphia. W. B.: Saunders Co.; 1980.
| | | 9. | Harwood DG, Barker WW, Ownby RL, Bravo M, Aguero H, Duara R. Predictors of positive and negative appraisal among Cuban American caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15(6):481–487.
| | | 10. | Joo KB, Kim KB. A study of care burden, burnout, and quality of life among family caregivers for the elderly. Korean J Women Health Nurs 2008;14(4):278–289.
| | | 11. | Katz AH, Hedrick HL, Holtz-Isenberg D, Thompson LM, Goodrich T, Kutscher AH. Self-help: Concepts and applications. Philadelphia: Charles Press; 1992.
| | | 12. | Kim EY, Lee GE, Kim SS, Lee CY. The experiences of family caregivers under the long-term care insurance. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2012;23(4):347–357.
| | | 13. | Kim JS, Lee SI, Kim KT, Park NH. A study on the development of self-help program with care burden for families with demented elderly persons. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2005;16(3):260–269.
| | | 14. | Kim YJ, Hyun KJ, Yue JH. The positive experiences in caregiving of stroke patients: A study of caregiving satisfaction. J Korean Neurol Assoc 2004;22(6):590–597.
| | | 15. | Kwon JD. Measuring the caregiver burden of caring forthe demented elderly. Yonsei Soc Welf Rev 1996;3:140–168.
| | | 16. | Lee HS. Caregiver burden in caring for elders before and after long-term care service in Korea. J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):236–247.
| | | 17. | Lim KH, Park YN, Kim DH, Shin IH, Lee WS, Kim JB. A preliminary study of the standardization of the Korean version of the patient health questionnaire-9. Korean J Health Promot Dis Prev 2009;9:275–281.
| | | 18. | Mahoney DF, Tarlow BJ, Jones RN. Effects of an automated telephone support system on caregiver burden and anxiety: Findings from the REACH for TLC intervention study. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):556–567.
| | | 19. | Park HK, Park KM. Factors influencing the burden felt by main family caregivers of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2011;22(4):389–398.
| | | 20. | Park SH. Study on usage of weekend protective service for the caretakers(daughter-in-laws) of elderly Alzheimer's patients. Busan: Kyung Sung University; 2007.
| | | 21. | Rootes LE, Aanes DL. A conceptual framework for understanding self-help groups. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992;43(4):379–381.
| | | 22. | Smith TL, Toseland RW. The effectiveness of a telephone support program for caregivers of frail older adults. Gerontologist 2006;46(5):620–629.
| | | 23. | Son GR, Wykle ML, Zauszniewski JA. Korean adult child caregivers of older adults with dementia. J Gerontol Nurs 2003;29(1):19–28.
| | | 24. | Son GR, Zauszniewski JA, Wykle ML, Picot SJ. Translation and validation of caregiving satisfaction scale into Korean. West J Nurs Res 2000;22(5):609–622.
| | | 25. | Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, Hornyak R, Mc-Murray J. Validity and utility of the PRIME-MD patient health questionnaire in assessment of 3000 obstetricgynecologic patients: The PRIME-MD patient health questionnaire obstetrics-gynecology study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:759–769.
| | | 26. | Strawbridge W. The effects of social factors on adult children caring for older parents. Seattle: University of Washington; 1991.
| | | 27. | Tremont G, Davis JD, Bishop DS, Fortinsky RH. Telephone-delivered psychosocial intervention reduces burden in dementia caregivers. Dementia (London) 2008;7(4):503–520.
| | | 28. | Yoo EK, Jeon SH, Yang JE. The effects of a support group intervention on the burden of primary family caregivers of stroke patients. J Korean Acad Nurs 2007;37(5):693–702.
| | | 29. | Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist 1980;20(6):649–655.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
PDF Links
Full text via DOI
Download Citation 
