Erratum: Institutional and individual factors influencing urinary tract infections and pressure injuries in Korean nursing home residents: A multilevel analysis of National Health Insurance Service Data

Hee Seung Lee; Jung Suk Lee

doi:10.17079/jkgn.2025.00185.e1

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Lee and Lee: Erratum: Institutional and individual factors influencing urinary tract infections and pressure injuries in Korean nursing home residents: A multilevel analysis of National Health Insurance Service Data

Erratum

J Korean Gerontol Nurs 2026; 28(1): 122-123.

Published online: February 27, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2025.00185.e1

Erratum: Institutional and individual factors influencing urinary tract infections and pressure injuries in Korean nursing home residents: A multilevel analysis of National Health Insurance Service Data

Hee Seung Lee¹, Jung Suk Lee²

¹Associate Research Fellow, Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea

²Research Fellow, Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea

Corresponding author: Jung Suk Lee Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, 32 Geongang-ro, Wonju 26464, Korea TEL: +82-33-736-2816 E-mail: fjslee@nhis.or.kr

Received January 13, 2026 Accepted January 13, 2026

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This corrects the article "Institutional and individual factors influencing urinary tract infections and pressure injuries in Korean nursing home residents: A multilevel analysis of National Health Insurance Service Data" on page 349.

J Korean Gerontol Nurs Vol. 27 No. 4, 349-363

https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2025.00185

Some of the values in Table 6 of the published paper have been modified. The OR and 95% CI in the Female row, Model 1 column are replaced from 1.16, 1.12~1.20 to 0.73, 0.69~0.78. The OR and 95% CI in the Intercept row, Model 1 column are replaced from 0.03, 0.39~0.50 to 0.02, 0.01~0.03 (indicated in bold).

The revised Table is below.

We apologize for any confusion or inconvenience this may have caused and appreciate your understanding.

Table 6.

Multivariate Models With Institutional-Level Variables Associated With Pressure Injury

	Model 1^*			Model 2^†
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Individual characteristics
Female	0.73	0.69~0.78	<.001	0.73	0.69~0.78	<.001
Age	1.00	1.00~1.00	.55	1.01	1.00~1.01	<.001
Economic eligibility (ref: NBLS)
Medical aid	1.02	0.90~1.16	.73	1.12	0.91~1.38	.30
Reduced	0.82	0.79~0.86	<.001	0.71	0.66~0.76	<.001
General	0.92	0.89~0.95	<.001	0.89	0.84~0.95	<.001
LTC approval grade (ref: grade 5)^‡
Grade 4	1.17	1.02~1.36	.03	1.09	0.77~1.53	.63
Grade 3	1.67	1.44~1.92	<.001	2.05	1.47~2.86	<.001
Grade 2	2.36	2.04~2.72	<.001	4.27	3.06~5.97	<.001
Grade 1	3.02	2.61~3.50	<.001	8.34	5.96~11.68	<.001
CCI score	1.09	1.07~1.11	<.001	1.09	1.05~1.12	<.001
Months of stay	1.03	1.03~1.03	<.001	1.00	0.99~1.00	.30
Institutional characteristics
Ownership (ref. individual+others)
Corporate				0.85	0.78~0.92	<.001
Public				0.80	0.67~0.97	.02
Location (ref: rural)
Mid-sized city				1.00	0.91~1.10	.97
Metropolitan city				1.09	0.98~1.21	.10
Number of licensed beds (ref: <30 beds)
30~99 beds				1.04	0.96~1.13	.31
≥100 beds				0.97	0.84~1.12	.68
Portion of residents with LTC grade 1 or 2				0.79	0.64~0.98	.03
RN staffing (yes)				1.00	0.92~1.09	.97
Contracted physician visits				1.01	0.99~1.02	.24
Number of affiliated institutions				1.01	0.94~1.09	.71
Additional staffing (yes)				1.06	0.99~1.15	.10
LTCF evaluation rating (ref: E)^§
D				0.98	0.87~1.10	.72
C				0.92	0.82~1.03	.13
B				0.86	0.77~0.97	.02
A				0.84	0.74~0.97	.01
LTCF evaluation indicator #35 (Pressure Injury Prevention)				0.88	0.82~0.95	<.001
Intercept	0.02	0.01~0.03	<.001	0.02	0.01~0.03	<.001
Random effect
Institutional level	0.12	0.11~0.13	-	0.40	0.36~0.45	-
ICC (%)	0.12	0.11~0.13	-	0.11	0.10~0.12	-
LR test	4,600.73		<.001	1,019.67		<.001
AIC	55,908.52			55,850.46
BIC	56,034.81			56,132.17

^*It includes only individual-level variables;

^†It incorporates both individual- and organizational-level variables;

^‡Levels 1 and 5 indicate the highest and lowest LTC needs, respectively;

^§‘A’ indicates the highest quality, ‘E’ indicates the lowest quality; AIC=Akaike Information Criterion; BIC=Bayesian Information Criterion; CCI=Charlson Comorbidity Index; CI=Confidence interval; ICC=Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; LR test= Likelihood-ratio test; LTC=Long-term care; LTCF=Long-term care facility; NBLS=National basic livelihood security; OR=Odds ratio; ref.=Reference; RN=Registered nurse.